1. Project Overview
The construction area of residential heating is 125 square meters for a residential building with thermal insulation walls.
2. Electric heating compensation parameters
During the operation of the solar photovoltaic complementary heating system, electric heating compensation is required when the weather is affected by cold, rain, snow, cloudy weather and insufficient solar heat at night. The following is a set of operating parameters for a 125㎡ residence:
3. Design ideas
This design system is a dual system of Luqing Huaneng solar heating and bathing. A total of 16 square meters of outdoor solar energy are used. Used to meet daily hot water and heating needs.
4.Solution for computer intelligent control and electric compensation system
Everyone knows that Luqing Huaneng’s solar heating sales volume ranks first in China. It is the only domestic solar heating company whose indoor temperature can reach 18 to 25 degrees in winter and solar energy accounts for 70% to 90% of total energy consumption. Why is it that the current market is imitating Aido? Sunshine solar heating manufacturers can only use solar powered boilers or electric heating to achieve a maximum heating temperature of 12. or 13°C. What about the maximum utilization rate of solar energy that can only reach 20% to 30%?
The main reason is: our company has perfectly integrated the six most advanced international solar energy, home appliances, and electronic technologies into this solar heating control and electric compensation system: including frequency conversion technology; rapid heating and heat preservation technology; automatic water mixing technology; Parametric energy saving and one-key energy saving technology; dual optimal control technology of room temperature and water temperature; fuzzy control technology of water temperature and water flow.
1. American and Japanese inverter technology derived from air conditioners
At present, the most popular technology in the air conditioning industry is frequency conversion technology. Our company applies frequency conversion technology to solar heating control systems. The advantage is that the control system intelligently fuzzy adjusts the heating power according to the temperature difference between the room temperature and the set temperature, which can achieve the same effect. In this case, it saves more than 1/3 of the electricity compared with the ordinary heating method. For example, when electric frequency conversion heating is required, as the temperature approaches the set value, the heating power is intelligently switched from 100% to 0%. The higher the temperature, the lower the input power until the room temperature reaches the set temperature.
2. Rapid heating and heat preservation technology originating from Europe
Eight years ago, quick-heating electric water heaters began to emerge in Europe. Their advantage is that they can quickly increase the water temperature and burn as much as is used. Unlike traditional storage-type electric water heaters, which must heat a whole bucket of 60 liters or 80 liters of water before use, the unused hot water heat will be used. wasted. Our company applies rapid heating and heat preservation technology to solar heating control systems. The advantage is that the heat replenishment speed is greatly accelerated. Once the set temperature required for heating is reached, it will automatically enter the heat preservation state, just like the heat preservation of a water dispenser. It can maintain the room temperature and water temperature at a quasi-constant temperature with extremely low power consumption to meet the heat demand for heating.
3. Automatic water mixing technology
The solar heating control system adopts advanced automatic water mixing technology that automatically tracks the outlet water temperature, so that the temperature of the solar heating outlet water and the temperature of the electric supplementary water are always maintained at a relatively constant temperature. Temperature flow pressure detection is used to control water pump operation. Automatic water mixing extends the solar energy utilization time, reduces the number and time of electric heating operations, avoids the ineffective waste of solar hot water and electric hot water, and greatly improves the effective utilization of solar heat sources and electric heat sources.
4. Parameter energy saving and one-click energy saving technology
(1) Parameter energy saving: On the panel of this system, parameters are set sequentially through four control items: solar collector temperature, solar collector temperature difference, heating water supply temperature, and indoor temperature. Scientific and reasonable parameter settings can improve solar energy utilization and reduce electricity consumption. A brief explanation is as follows:
①Solar heat collection temperature setting Set the start-up temperature of solar heating according to the heating method. For those using geothermal coil radiant heating, it is appropriate to set the starting temperature of the solar circulating water pump to 35 to 40°C. For those using wall-mounted radiators or fan coils for heating, it is appropriate to set the starting temperature of the solar circulating water pump to be 45 to 50°C.
②Solar heat collection temperature difference setting Sets the temperature difference for solar heat collection system operation control according to the solar heat collection area. If the solar heat collection area is larger, the solar heating time will be longer, and the temperature difference can be set between 5 and 9°C; if the solar heat collection area is smaller, the solar heating time will be shorter and it will operate in stages, and the temperature difference can be set between 2 and 9°C. between 4℃.
③The heating water supply temperature setting is set according to the heating heat load setting size. The water supply temperature should be set higher if the heating heat load is larger, and the water supply temperature should be lower if the heating heat load is smaller. A high water supply temperature setting will increase energy consumption, and a low water supply temperature setting will have a better energy saving effect. Energy consumption will increase or decrease by approximately 17% for every 1°C increase or decrease. The heating water supply temperature can be the same as or 1-2°C lower than the solar thermal collection temperature.
④The indoor temperature is set according to the heating room temperature requirements. If you do not use room temperature control mode, you do not need to set it.
(2) One-button energy-saving technology: The energy-saving button can be used more than 70% to 90% of the time in winter, and 2/3 or less of the total power of the system is used for heating, which greatly reduces the power consumption during operation.
5. Dual optimal control technology of room temperature and water temperature
This system is preferably operated at room temperature when both room temperature and water temperature are set, because the room temperature can be selected between 8 and 28 degrees Celsius, or even higher (for example, a user needs a room temperature of 37 degrees for medicinal material processing, with a constant temperature throughout the year). When the office is in the evening or on school holidays, or when the villa is not occupied at ordinary times, the room temperature can be set at 8 to 15 degrees according to the actual situation, which not only keeps the room warm and does not freeze, but also saves operating costs.
The water temperature selection can also be used as a protection setting for antifreeze and energy saving at low temperatures.
6. Control technology of water temperature and water flow
The first heat source of the Luqing Huaneng solar heating system is the solar heat source provided by the solar collector; the second heat source is the heat source provided by the electric auxiliary.
Its operating principle is: under the management of the control system, as long as the solar collector temperature can meet the set temperature requirements, the system will work with the first heat source and the second heat source will not work; only when the solar collector temperature cannot meet the set temperature requirements , the second heat source begins to operate. Under the action of the automation system, when the indoor temperature of the second heat source is 1°C lower than the set temperature, the electric heat is put into operation with a frequency conversion of 1/16 power to compensate for the temperature difference of 1°C. If the outlet water temperature cannot quickly reach the requirement or the room temperature continues to drop, it will be put into operation again. 1/16 power, and then gradually turn on the power until the room temperature or water temperature reaches the set temperature.
The water temperature and water flow fuzzy control technology designed through topological principles allows the temperature probe, water flow valve, and circulation pump in the system to be organically combined. If the buttons are not adjusted during the entire heating season, the entire solar heating system and hot water system can be completely adjusted according to the initial settings. Set up automatic operation to achieve unattended operation, greatly saving labor costs.
5. Description of Luqing Huaneng Solar Heating Mode
For the solar energy industry, solar heating is a difficult problem similar to Goldbach's conjecture in mathematics. That is to say, whoever solves the problem of using solar energy to heat a room will get a crown in the solar energy industry.
After eight years of practice in the low-temperature and cold regions of Northeast, Northwest, and North China, Luqing Huaneng Solar Heating has completed the installation of more than 200,000 square meters. The core of solar heating technology is twofold. One is the computer intelligent control system (which also includes electric or gas and other energy subsidy systems), and the second is the optimized design of the entire system, which aims to maximize the effective use of solar energy, the effectiveness and rationalization of electricity subsidy or other energy subsidies, and the stability and safety of the entire system itself.
At present,Solar Energy Factory’s solar heating has designed nine commonly used solar heating modes based on long-term practice, including five combinations of solar energy and electricity, and four combinations of solar energy and gas (or other energy sources).
Solar and electric combined heating systems include:
1. Economic household series single-family popular type: solar household single-unit heating combined with computer intelligent control system is mainly suitable for households and office users with a small area of 10 to 80 square meters, and can also be installed on the entire floor. For example, our company's 10,000-square-meter solar heating project in the new socialist countryside in 2009.
Its main operating mode is: using a dedicated stand-alone Aido Sunshine solar panel to collect heat, and the system adopts computer intelligent control.
(1) The system adopts dual-temperature control of room temperature and water temperature. By controlling the flow and velocity of solar hot water, the heat can reasonably pass through the indoor heating terminal to drive indoor heating.
(2) The system's electricity compensation adopts frequency conversion control, which will automatically adjust the power consumption according to the user's settings, thereby greatly reducing the cost of electricity consumption at night and on rainy days when solar heat energy is insufficient.
(3) The system has an energy-saving operation mode, which saves operating costs.
2. Villa series single-family luxury type: solar combined box and computer intelligent control system for heating, mainly suitable for households and offices with an area of 30 to 1,000 square meters, and can also be installed on the entire floor. For example, our company's 300-square-meter villa solar heating project in 2010.
Its main operating mode is: using Aido Sunshine solar collector modules for heat collection, and the system adopts computer intelligent control. ①The temperature control system in the computer will start the circulation system to transfer the heat to the hot water storage tank when the solar heat reaches the set value. When the solar heat is insufficient, the system will automatically stop the circulation to prevent the heat from flowing back. ② The system adopts dual-temperature control of room temperature and water temperature. By controlling the flow and velocity of hot water in the hot water storage tank, the heat can reasonably pass through the indoor heating terminal to drive indoor heating.
Heating systems that combine solar energy with gas and other energy sources include:
(1) Commercial series single-family type: solar energy and computer intelligent control system are combined for heating. It is mainly suitable for households and office users with an area of 50 to 300 square meters. It can also be installed on the entire floor. For example, our company's solar and gas combined heating project in 2010.
Its main operating mode is: using Aido Sunshine solar collector modules for heat collection, and the system adopts computer intelligent control. ① The system adopts a constant temperature temperature difference cycle. When the solar heat reaches the set value, the system automatically enters the temperature difference cycle mode and introduces the heat into the indoor pressurized water tank. When the solar temperature is too low, the system will automatically stop the temperature difference cycle to prevent heat backflow. ②The indoor heating equipment will exchange heat to the indoor heating pipeline through the cross-heat exchange device of the pressure water tank for heating and provide domestic hot water at the same time. ③The system has an automatic anti-freeze design for the pipeline. When the pipeline temperature is lower than a certain value, the pipeline anti-freeze system automatically starts anti-freeze to prevent the pipeline from freezing in freezing weather and affecting the use of heating. ④For different gas heating systems, this system also has a low temperature alarm function.
(2) Whole-floor centralized heat collection and household heating type: omitted
(3) Centralized heat collection and household heating in residential areas: omitted
(4) Centralized heat collection and central heating in residential areas: omitted
The complexity of solar heating technology not only lies in automation control technology and energy subsidy technology, but also involves a series of aspects such as system anti-freeze, anti-overheating, and optimization of design and installation. Only in this way can the most suitable system be designed within the price range acceptable to users. Users are accustomed to using solar heating system products to achieve a higher investment benefit ratio, making users more satisfied.
6. System functions
1. Solar heat exchange controller
(1) The temperature detection probe marked T1 is used to detect the temperature of solar hot water. Install the temperature probe at the high temperature outlet pipe of the solar collector, and insert the signal plug at the other end of the temperature probe into the temperature probe marked as solar hot water temperature. in the jack. The water pump marked P1 is used for solar heat exchange driving. Plug the voltage plug of the water pump into the socket marked as solar heat exchange pump.
(2) The instrument on the upper side of the chassis is the solar heat exchange controller. The operation part of the controller consists of two parts: LCD display and buttons.
(3) Press the temperature △ increase/▽ decrease key to set the heat exchange temperature of solar hot water from 30℃ to 80℃. Stop pressing the button to confirm it automatically.
2. Computer intelligent control system
(1) The temperature detection probe marked T2 is used for room temperature detection. Install the temperature probe above a well-sealed room facing south, and insert the signal plug at the other end of the temperature probe into the jack marked for room temperature detection. The water pump marked P2 is used to drive indoor heating. Plug the voltage plug of the water pump into the socket marked as indoor circulation socket.
(2) The front of the chassis is the controller. The operation part of the controller consists of two parts: LCD display and buttons. The LCD display has temperature indicators such as heating return water, heating outlet water, and room temperature; the buttons have four function buttons such as room temperature selection, water temperature selection, energy-saving operation, and run/stop. The device is in standby state before operation, and the LCD display displays the current solar water temperature and the default outlet water temperature.
(3) Room temperature selection. Continuously press the room temperature selection button to cycle through the desired room temperature between FF and 8-25°C. When you want to select a certain room temperature, stop pressing this button. After 5 seconds, the system will automatically confirm and run at the selected temperature. When the selected room temperature is reached, the unit automatically pauses operation. When the room temperature drops to 1°C lower than the selected temperature, the unit automatically starts and resumes operation. Selecting FF means turning off room temperature control and operating according to water temperature control. The higher the room temperature is set, the greater the energy consumption. Suitable room temperature helps save energy.
(4) Water temperature selection. Continuously press the water temperature selection button to cycle through the required water temperatures of 30°C, 35°C, 40°C, 45°C, 50°C, 55°C, 60°C, and 65°C. When you want to select a certain water temperature, stop pressing the button. After 5 seconds, the system will automatically confirm and run at the selected temperature. When the outlet water temperature reaches the selected temperature, the system starts thermostatic adjustment, and the outlet water temperature tracks the selected temperature and remains within ±2°C.
(5) Room temperature priority control. When the room temperature and water temperature are selected to be controlled simultaneously, the system takes room temperature as the priority control condition, that is, regardless of whether the water temperature is reached or not, as long as the room temperature reaches the selected temperature, the unit will suspend operation. If the room temperature has not been reached but the water temperature reaches the selected temperature first, the system will operate at a constant temperature in the constant temperature adjustment mode and will pause when the room temperature rises to the selected temperature.
(6) Press the run/stop button to start running. After starting, the unit will perform a self-check for 30 seconds. If the unit is in normal condition, heating will begin after 30 seconds. The hot water column and the water outlet column on the LCD display will simultaneously display the outlet water temperature, which means the system is running. good. like:
97 power options. According to the needs of the season, temperature and room temperature, the user presses the power selection button to select full power (at the 1 position, the indicator light is on) or 2/3 power (at the 1/3 position, the indicator light is off).
98 power switch. Two-level power management, the first level is the main control power management of the air switch with leakage protection, and the second level is the temporary power management of the rocker switch. If the unit is not running for a long time, the air switch should be turned off. Usually standby management can use a rocker switch.
7. System working principle
This system adopts three combined operation modes: solar constant temperature circulation, heating pipe circulation, and electric heating assistance. The system operates fully automatically. No dedicated personnel required.
8. Key points for user installation and supporting construction
Based on user needs and after on-site design, the specific construction plan is determined:
1. Selection of commonly used radiators: It is generally recommended to use steel, aluminum alloy or copper-aluminum composite radiators, and try not to use cast iron radiators.
2. Geothermal coil heating configuration: geothermal plate
A heating method in which the pipes circulate hot water at 30 to 45°C and the ground generates radiant heat at 20 to 25°C. It is recommended to use dry construction. Dry construction is fast, the temperature rises quickly during start-up, and the operating water temperature requirement is low, which has obvious advantages of energy saving.
Solar Energy Factory reminds users of matters that should be paid attention to when using geothermal coil heating
(1) The water supply temperature of the geothermal coil heating system should not exceed 50°C, and the working pressure of the heating system should not exceed 0.4MPa.
(2) Air may accumulate in the pipeline during startup or operation. You can open the bleed valve of the distributor and water collector to discharge the gas.
(3) The water flow in the branch can be adjusted by adjusting the ball valves on each branch to achieve the purpose of controlling the temperature of each part.
(4) The geothermal coil is only 3-4cm away from the floor. It is strictly forbidden to knock or hit the ground, and it is strictly forbidden to wedge any sharp objects on the ground.
(5) There are many exposed pipes near the water collector, so care should be taken to protect them, preferably with protective covers.
(6) It is strictly prohibited to place high-temperature heat sources near distributors and water collectors or on the ground where floor heating pipes are laid to prevent damage to the pipeline system.
(7) The floor heating system should be cleaned once a year. Use compressed air to launch special steel balls to achieve a cleaning effect by rubbing against the inner wall of the pipeline.
(8) The first temperature rise is about 1 degree per hour to prevent the wooden floor from cracking and twisting when it heats up too quickly. It must not be heated in one step. For example, the temperature rises to 18℃ on the first day, 25℃ on the second day, and 25℃ on the third day. Raise the temperature to 30℃ and so on. Laminated flooring is suitable for water temperatures below 45°C and floor surface temperatures below 30°C. Exceeding this temperature will affect the life of the floor. In winter, the room temperature is 21°C which is already very comfortable.
3. Configuration of heating pipes
When selecting pipe materials for the heating system, PPR pipes should be selected as much as possible. The horizontal main pipe should have a slope of 0.003, the radiator branch pipe should have a slope of 0.01, and standard pipe clips should be installed every 1.5m on the riser pipe to fix it to the wall.
4. The configuration of the solar collector should be based on the company's standard configuration. It can be configured at a high level but not at a low level.
5. For circulating water pump configuration, the head of the water pump is selected based on the pipeline resistance converted into equivalent length.
6. Key points of electrical design and installation
(1) Basic knowledge about safe electricity use: When an alternating current greater than 10mA or a direct current greater than 50mA passes through the human body, it may endanger human life. The risk of electric shock in the hands is greater if the current flows through the heart. Safe operations must be carried out in accordance with prescribed operating procedures. Heating construction personnel must be skilled plumbers. Electrical installers must be professionals with electrician certificates.
(2) There must be protective grounding. Protective grounding is to reliably connect the metal casing of electrical equipment to the earth with a grounding device. Indoor pipes must not be used as protective grounding wires. Electrical equipment must have good protective grounding measures and electric shock protection devices.
(3) The electrical conditions must meet the safety requirements. The user's electrical conditions must meet the safety needs: the power supply site is a regular control metering box, with wiring rules, and there is no phenomenon of selfless pulling and pulling out. The control metering system has completed the transformation of one meter per household. The meter, control switch and wire capacity can all meet the technical and safety needs of the unit. Those who cannot meet the above conditions are not allowed to construct, install and use the unit.
7. Safe working rules
(1) Strictly abide by relevant national safety laws, decrees and regulations. When confirming your own safety, also confirm the safety of others.
(2) Develop good safety habits, conduct safety confirmation before performing any operation, and always maintain a good awareness of safety first.
(3) Do not work with strong electricity. The power supply must be turned off when leaving the power-consuming position. High-voltage equipment and tools must have reliable protective grounding.
8. Post-installation inspection and trial operation
(1) This system operates with forced circulation of the water pump without pressure. The system must be equipped with an exhaust valve to eliminate air and maintain smooth operation.
(2) The power supply is overload protected by the air switch, and the wires must meet the power requirements.
(3) This machine is equipped with a water replenishing device in the return water path. The water replenishing capacity is set at 1/30 of the circulating water volume to absorb the thermal expansion of water.
(4) After the assembly is completed, flush the pipes, fill in water, turn on the power, and press the water pump button to start operation. When starting operation for the first time, or when shutting down and draining/changing water and restarting, be sure to try to remove the air in the pipeline by opening and closing the water pump more than three times.
9. Operation management
Turn on the "power switch", the display will display, and it will enter the working and standby state. Press the "work switch", the indicator light is on to indicate solar hot water heating; the indicator light is off to indicate electric supplementary heating. Press "Room Temperature Selection" to confirm the outlet water temperature. The default water temperature at startup is 17°C. Press "Water Temperature Selection" to confirm the required outlet water temperature. The default outlet water temperature is FF when turned on. Press the "water pump switch" to start the water pump.
10. Maintenance
(1) Use clean tap water for system water injection. No softening required. Do not drain the system during non-heating periods.
(2) Ensure the water level specified in the solar water heater. When replenishing water, be sure to prevent the vacuum tube from bursting due to excessive temperature difference.
(3) Avoid excessive force when installing the computer intelligent control system to prevent damage to components. The ambient temperature should be above 5℃ to prevent freezing.
(4) The computer intelligent control system shall not be flushed or cleaned with water. The water filter should be checked and cleaned regularly during operation.
10. Summary
The dual solar heating and bathing system designed by Solar Energy Factory is stable in operation, simple to operate, and has significant social and environmental benefits. It is a leader in the field of solar heating. This solar heating system is suitable for most areas across the country, and is the first choice for heating in areas where central heating radiation is not available.